vocabs arround the house

vocabs arround the house


Other Rooms
Attic - People store things in the attic.
Ballroom - A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room - A small room used for storage.
Cellar - Underneath the house.
Cloakroom - A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory - A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room- A room where people eat.
Drawing Room - A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room - A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall - The entrance passage to a house.
Larder - A small room used for the storage of food.
Library - A room where books are kept.
Lounge - Another name for living room.
Music Room - A room where people play music.
Office - A room where people work.
Pantry - A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlour - Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room - Another name for living room.
Spare Room/Guest Room - A room where guests sleep.
Toilet - A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room - A room where appliances such
as washing machines are used.

Things you may find around the house

Asking for Information

Asking for Information
There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:

* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...

Introductory It

When the subjective is an infinitive phrase
We begin a sentence with it when the real subject is an infinitive phrase. So instead of saying, ‘To accept your advice is difficult’, we say, ‘It is difficult to accept your advice’.

Structure: It + verb + subject complement + infinitive phrase (real subject)

* It is easy to learn English. (= To learn English is easy.)
* It is easy to find fault with others. (= To find fault with others is easy.)
* It is difficult to know his motive. (= To know his motive is difficult.)
* It is difficult to find a good job during these troubled times.
* It is dangerous to play with fire.
* It could be dangerous to drive so fast.


Note that when we wish to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning, especially when it is short.

* To err is human. (OR It is human to err.)
* To become a well known writer was his life-long ambition. (OR It was his lifelong ambition to become a well known writer.)
* To invest all your money in shares is foolish. (OR It is foolish to invest all your money in shares.)


When the subject is a gerund phrase
When the real subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. So instead of saying ‘Your trying to fool us is no good’, we say, ‘It is no good your trying to fool us.’

* It won’t be any good complaining to the manager. (Complaining to the anager won’t be any good.)
* It is silly throwing away this opportunity. (Throwing away this opportunity is silly.)
* Will it be any good my talking to him about it? (Will my talking to him about it be any good)
* It is no fun having so many children to look after. (Having so many children to look after is no fun.)

Note that it is possible to change the gerund into an infinitive.
It won’t be any good for me to complain to the manager.
It is silly (for you) to throw away this opportunity.
Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?

Asking if someone remember or not

Formal expressions:
Ø I wonder if you remember.....
Ø You remember...., don’t you?
Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
Ø Don’t you remember.....?
Ø Do you happen to remember it now?
Ways to respond:
Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.
Ø I remember especially the scenery.
Ø I’ll never forget that
Ø I’ll always remember.
Ø I can remember it clearly.
Informal expressions:
Ø Remember the old house we used to live in?
Ø Remember that?
Ø I’m sorry I don’t remember
Ways to respond:
Ø Hold on. Yes, got it!
Ø I know.....
Ø It’s coming back to me now.
Respond if you forget:
Ø Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
Ø I’m affraid I forget.
Ø I really can’t remember.
Ø I’m afraid I have no memory of him
Ø Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone.
Ø Sorry, it slipped off my mind.
Example..
It was Sunday morning, Selly got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her aunt was a little puzzled.
Mrs.Atun : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Selly : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mrs.Atun : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Selly : Oh, my goodnes. I thought it’s a school day !

Offering

Offering is usually used to offer something to someone else.

actual offering types there are many, but this time I am only talking about offering the service / help.

ex :
-what can I do for you ?
-Can I help You ?
-Can I do something for you ?
-Do you want something to eat ?
-Shall I get you something to read ?

Accepting offering service/help :
-thanks very much
-thank's very kind of you
-thank you
-[oh] yes, please
-lovely

Not accepting offering servica/help :
-no, thanks
-that's very kind of you, but . . .
-thanks for offering, but . . .
-no, its all right, really
-no, really, I can manage [thanks].


Ex :
Dicky : "Good morning, Madam. Anything I can do for you ?
Mrs. Tasya : "yes, please. I need a T-shirt size 15.

News Item

News Item: is factual text which informs the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Social function of news item is: to inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic structure:
a) Newsworthy Event(s): recounts the events in summary form
b) Background Event(s): elaborate what happened, to WHOM, in WHAT circumstances.
c) Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities’ expert on the event.
Significant Grammar Features:
a. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
b. Generally using Simple Past Tense
c. Use of Material Processes to retell the event
d. Using Action Verbs, e.g.: were, run, go, kill, etc.
e. Using Saying Verbs, e.g.: say, tell
f. focus on Circumstances
g. Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stages
There are some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible.
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “be”.
Example: Town ‘Contaminated’
Complete Sentence: Town is contaminated.
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
Example: Fire Destroys over 2,511 acres of Forest in 2003-2004
Complete Sentence: Fire has destroyed over 2,511 acres of forest in 2003-2004.
3. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
Example: World Heading for Energy Crisis
Complete Sentence: The world is heading for an energy crisis.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive.
Example: Queen to Visit Samoa.
Complete Sentence: The Queen is going to visit Samoa.
5. Headlines are not always complete sentences.
Example: More earthquakes in Japan.
Complete Sentence: More earthquakes happened in Japan.

Preposition in, on and at

Preposition Usage
in You use ‘in’ with periods of times and places.
Ex :
Ω in May
Ω in winter
Ω in New York
on You use ‘on’ with specific days
Ex :
 on Friday
 on June 7
NOTE : America English : on the weekend OR on Weekends
at You use ‘at’ with specific times and specific places
Ex :
 At 7 o’clock
 At7.00m a.m
 At night
 At school
NOTE : British English : at the weekend OR at Weekends
of Its mean belonging to, relating to, or being part of something.
You use ‘of’ with noun and –ing forms
Ex :
a. The legs of the table
b. Of studying
off Ex :
a) Get off
b) Put off
c) Off the glass
After/before Ex :
 Before winter
 Before June
 After summer
 After lunch time
for Ex :
 For one hour
 For a week
 For ages
from Ex :
From india
From 7 a.m until 9 a.m
during Ex :
 During our holiday
 During at night

Gratitude, Compliment & Congratulation

Gratitude, Compliment & Congratulation

Congratulation is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.

Congratulating:

Congratulations!

Congratulations on your success!

Happy birthday!

Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!

Merry Christmas!

Happy New Year!

Happy Valentine!

Happy anniversary!

Compliment is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example:

on his/her general appearance

if you notice something new about the person’s appearance

when you visit someone’s house for the first time

when other people do their best

Complimenting:

What a nice dress!

You look great.

You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.

I really must express my admiration for your dance.

Good grades!

Excellent!

Nice work!

Good job!

Gratitude ] is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

Thanking:

Thank you very much

Thank you for your help

I’m really very grateful to you

You’re welcome

Don’t mention it

It’s a pleasure / My pleasure

I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)

I am grateful to your help

simple Future tense

The definition of future tense

The future tense is a verb form that marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future or to happen subsequent to some other event, whether that is past, present, or future.

The simple future is used :

to talk about things that will happen at a time later than now.

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

FORM Will

[S + will + verb1]

Examples:

You will help him later.

Will you help him later?

You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To

[S + to be (am/is/are) + going to + verb]

Examples:

You are going to meet Sarry tonight.

Are you going to meet Sarry tonight?

You are not going to meet Sarry tonight.

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.

Examples:

• I will send you the information when I get it.

• I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.

• Will you help me move this heavy table?

• Will you make dinner?

• I will not do your homework for you.

• I won't do all the housework myself!

• A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.

• A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.

• A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.

Examples:

• I will call you when I arrive.

• If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.

• I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

• Don't worry, I'll be careful.

• I won't tell anyone your secret.

USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.

Examples:

• He is going to spend his vacation in India.

• She is not going to spend her vacation in India.

• A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 7 PM.

• I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.

• Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.

• They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.

• Who are you going to invite to the party?

• A: Who is going to make Jono's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make Jono's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.

Examples:

• The year 2223 will be a very interesting year.

• The year 2223 is going to be a very interesting year.

• Anne Smith will be the next President.

• Anne Smith is going to be the next President.

• The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.

• The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.

Examples:

• When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct

• When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

• You will never help him.

• Will you ever help him?

• You are never going to meet Jane.

• Are you ever going to meet Jane?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

• John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active

• The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive

• Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active

• A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive

• The Formula with verb sentence :

• Positive (+): S + will/shall + V1 + object

• Negative (-): S + will/shall + not + V1 + object

• Interrogative (?): Will/shall + S + V1 + object

• Example :

• nhiya will visit tokyo(+)

• Kajol will not visit India(-)

• Will shasya visit china? (?)

• The formula with nominal sentence :

• Positive (+): S + will/shall + be +complement

• Negative (-): S + will/shall + not + complement

• Interrogative (?): will/shall + S + complement

Descriptive text

Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .

* Text structure:
- Identification: Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
- Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or
Place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or
Characteristic.

* Language figures:
a. Topic is usually about the attributes of a think.
b. The use of think person pronoun forms is used.
c. The use of focus specific human and non human participants.
d. The use of reasoning expressed as verbs or noun.
e. The use of material.
f. The use of relation and mental process.

* Characteristic:
a. Use the simple present tense.
b. Using detailed noun phrases to provide information on the subject.
c. Uses relating verbs to provide information on the subject.
d. Use the thinking and feeling verbs to reveal personal views about the subject
author.
e. Use action verbs.
f. Use adverbials to provide additional information.
g. Use figurative language such as simile, metaphor.

* Grammatical features:
- Who? What?
- Using linking verb and simple present tense,
- Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase,
- Attributive (the)
- Use a attributive and identifying process,
- Focus an specific participants,
- Frequent use of epithets and classified in nominal groups

Invitation (Written)

INVITATIONS

Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc


Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?


Accepting invitation
->Yes,I'd love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.



Reffusing
->If you don't mind,i'd rather not.
->Thank you,i'm busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I'm sorry.
->I've lost to work to do.

Narrative Text

Narrative Text

Someone tells a narrative text in order to entertain, stimulate emotion or to teach.

A narrative text has three elements or parts :
1. The orientation introduces main characters in a setting of place and time. It tells about : the story’s setting , the time when the story happens, and the main characters of the story.
2. The complications tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them. Series of events ( It includes situations, activities, or events that lead to the climax or complication. )
3. The Resolution tells the ending of the story (The complication or problem is solved here. It shows the end of the story, usually a happy ending ).
A narrative text uses the simple past tense.
Example :

There was a porcupine named Landi. He was lonely. No one wanted to play with him because they were afraid of his spikes.
Dear Landi. We don’t want to play with you because your spikes are too sharp. We don’t want you to hurt us, “ said cici the rabbit one day.
“ Cici is right,Landi. It is not because you are bad or rude to us. No, Landi ! Just because of your spikes. They will stab us when we come close to you, “ said Tito the rooster.
Landi felt lonely. He Murmured , “ why don’t they want to play with me ?”
Landi spent most of the time day dreaming at the river bank. “ I would have lots of friends and play with them if no spikes were on my body. I would be happy. I would not be lonely like this. What a shame ! “ Suddenly , kuku the turtle appeared from the river . He came to Landi and said , Landi , what are you thinking of ?”
“Oh, nothing, Landi replied”.
“ Don’t lie to me , Landi . Please tell me your problem. Who knows I can help you, “ kuku said wisely . Then he sat beside Landi. He wasn’t afraid of Landi’s spikes .
Shortly , Landi told kuku his problem . Kuku nodded his head. He said, “ poor you. But it is not your fault. I know, your spikes are very useful and helpful to you. Your friends will realize it some day. Trust me., Landi”.
“Thank’s Kuku . You’re really my best friend. You are the only one here who wants to be my friend “.
One day, Sam the frog held his birthday party. He invited all his friends , including Landi . But he decided not to come He didn’t want to mess up the party .
“I’II come with you , Landi. I’II tell everyone that you are harm less,” said Kuku. Finally , Landi attended the party . Every one enjoyed it.
Suddenly , Tito ran here and there screaming , “ Help ….help….! The spikes evil wolf is coming . save your selves , then every one ran to save their lives, except Kuku andLandi . Kuku pulled his head and legs into his shell. Landi rolled his body into a ball.
Unintentionally, the evil wolf stepped his foot on Landi. Of course , the
Spikes pricked him. He screamed, ‘’ Ouch ! “ Since his foot was bleeding, he didn’t chase Landi’s friends any longer . Then he ran away.
“Horray….horray….! Long live Landi ! He saved our lives, “ said cici and her friends. Everyone shook Landi’s hand and than ked him. From then on, Landi wasn’t lonely any more . His friends knew that his spikes would not hurt anyone, unless they wanted to hurt Landi.

Modals in The Past Form

Modals In The Past Form

Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.
Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall
*Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Nia : I’m having trouble with math.
Rizki : Why don’t you ask Novita ?
Perhaps she could help you.
*Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibillities.
Example :
Helda : Why is Rio taking the bus to get home.
Fany : He might get a flat time.


*Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Yoan : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Lia : I would visit my grandparents In the village, but how not anymore.
*Would + Mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Example :
Mrs. Lady : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Nita : No, Not at all.
*Should + Verb base
Example :
Nisa : Ima , you should go to library now ?
Ima : O.k.

Finite Verbs

Finite Verbs
A finite verbs is a verb that is inflected for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.

Every grammatically correct sentence or clouse must contain a finite verb; sentence fragments not containing finite verb are described as phrases.

Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like thanks for you help! Has an interjection where it could have a subject and a fibite verb form compare I appreciate your help!

A verb is a world that expression an occurrence, act, or made, of being, finite verbs, sometimes called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.

Verb forms that are not finite include the infinite
Participles (e.g, the broken window..!, The wheezing gentleman…”)

Gerunds and gerundives
English has three kinds of verbals : participles, which function as adjectives, which have noun-like, adjective –like, and adverb-like functions each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past participle is used in farming the perfect aspect (to have done).

Other kinds of verbals, such as gerunds and gerundives, exist in other languages.
Example :
The Finite verbs are the under lived work
THE CROWN AND THE FOX
One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese she picks it up, flaps her wings, and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it. (…)
Source : International Story

Passive Voice

Passive Voice
Passive voice is a grammatical voice in which the subject receives the subject receives the action of a transitive verb, and passive refers more generally to verb using this construction and the passages in which they are used.


When rewriting active sentences in passive voices note the following:
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
- The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + pas participate)
- The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

 Agent
In a passive clause, we usually we a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent-the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens

Example :
My Mother makes sandwich every morning
Subject + V1+ S/es + O + C(adv. Of time)

Sandwich is made by my mother every morning
Subject + to be + V3 agent C(adv. Of time)

Present Continuous :
S + to be + being + V3 (past participle)

Present Perfect :
S + has/have + been + V3 (past participle)

Present Continuous :
Active : A young boy is catching a butterfly
Passive : A butter fly is being caught by a young boy

Noun Phrase

Noun Phrase
A noun phrase is other a single noun or any group of words containing noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of averb.

For example, ‘they’ , ‘books’, and ‘the books’, are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)

- Structure of Noun Phrases:
• A beautiful old painting on the wall

When you use a noun in front of another noun, you never put adjectives between them, you put adjectives in front of the first noun.
Example : We just spoke with a young American boy

Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (base + ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.
Example : Passing the exam watching TV

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech)

We use quotation marks (“__________”) and it should be world for word

For Example :
Nicky said, “it’s hot
Or
“it’s hot, “Nicky said”

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word

Indirect Speech is sometimes called reported speech

The tense usually changes when reporting speech this is because we are usually talking about a time in the post and obviously the person who spoke or ginally spoke in the past.

The verbs there fore usually have to be in the fast too

- Note : the reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sent are : Tell, order, command, ask, warn, remind
- Don’t forget to mention the indirect object father warned me motto drive fast
- When we want to report what someone said, we do not usually repeat their exact words, we use words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell, say, ask followed by that–clause?
Example : My mother said that she got up at 5 O’clock
- When reporting verbs is in the present, present perfect, or future, there is no change of tense in the words reported
Example :
- She will tell you
- She has just haid

In times expressions and pronouns
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Now Then
Today/Tonight That day/ That night
Last week The previous week
Ago Before

Sometimes we need to report someone’s questions the reported question are introduced with the verb ask, inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.

Surprise & Disbeliefs

Surprise and Disbeliefs

To express surprise! That’s a surprise
- What a surprise! That’s a surprise
- (Well), that’s very surprising!
- Really?
- What
- Are you serious? You must be joking!
- You’re kidding!
- Fancy that!
- I must say … surprises me
- I find that hard to believe

Example of expressing surprise
A : I can’t believe it!
B : That’s true

When you got a surprising fact, you can say:
- Do you know what
- Believe it or not
- You may not believe it, but
- Can you believe this?

You can respond to the surprising fact using these expression :
- Really?
- Are you joking?
- Oh?
- Where? Show me