Perfect Tense

Use the present perfect tense when:
^^ Something happened in the past, and
^^ The result of happening is still there.

Examples:
1. I have closed the window.
2. Nisa has gone to India .

This is different from the simple past tense:
1.I closed the window.
2.nisa went to india.

# The Affirmative Form
Pattern : S + Auxiliary Verb (Have/Has) + past participle + . . .
Examples:
1. she has bought a car here.
2. I lived in Indonesia

This tense often uses “for” and “since” especially to express the continuing events
Examples:
1. I have been here for 20 minutes.
2. I have been here since 7 o’clock.

Contractions with the present tense:
I have → I’ve
You have → You’ve
He has → He’s
She has → She’s

It has → It’s
Dicky has → dicky’s
We have → We’ve
They have → They’ve

Contraction of ‘s may be confusing sometimes. It can come from the verb be (is) or the auxiliary has. But you can understand it from the context.
The key are:
→ The contraction of ‘s from the auxiliary verb has when it is followed by past participle.
→ The contraction of ‘s from the verb be (is) when it is followed by nouns, adjectives, or V-ing
Examples;
1. he’s borrowed my book.
2. he’s listening to music.

# The Negative Form
Pattern: S = Auxiliary verb (Have/Has) + not + past participle + …
Examples:
1. nhiya has not gone to the movie.
2. sHe has not finished repairing the radio.

# The Interrogative Form
Pattern: Auxiliary (Have/Has) + S + Past Participle + … + ?
Examples:
1. Has dikta finished his homework?
2. Have student done their assignments?

The present perfect tense often uses adverb “just, ever, never, and already”, especially to express the speaker’s experiences or new information. (Note: never = not ever)

Examples:
+ We have just lived in Indonesia.
- Terry has not already finished her homework.
? Has Raka ever eaten quail eggs?